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Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Processed Cheese Made from Different Cheeses and Paneer
Upendra Pokharel,Dipendra Khanal
Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal , 2010, DOI: 10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8266
Abstract: Processed cheese (PC), a modified form of natural cheese was prepared mixing with different proportions of Cheese and Paneer; Yak cheese and Kanchan cheese (70:30), Yak and Kanchan (30:70), Kanchan and Mozzarella (75:25), Yak, Kanchan, Mozzarella and Paneer (30:45:15:10) and Kanchan and Paneer (85:15) with PC made in DDC, Nepal as a control. Five experimental products were subjected for sensory and physico-chemical analysis. The physico-chemical parameters of processed cheeses were significantly (p<0.05) varied among each other products due to different combination of natural cheeses. The PC made from Yak and Kanchan cheese (30:70) was found to be superior (p<0.05) in terms overall sensory attributes. From the results of physico-chemicals and sensory analysis it was concluded that PC made from Yak and Kanchan (30:70) was the best formulation among all. J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 6 (84-87), 2010 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8266
Treatment Options of Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO): A Review  [PDF]
Aradhana Pokharel, Jie Luan
Open Journal of Ophthalmology (OJOph) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/ojoph.2019.92009
Abstract: Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy resulting in permanent loss of vision despite available treatment options. Main vision impending complication of retinal vein occlusion is macular edema. Laser photocoagulation has been an established method for treating macular edema for many years but nowadays intravitreal injection of Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factors (Ranibizumab, Aflibercept Bevacizumab and Pegaptanib sodium) is the treatment of choice for macular edema from retinal vein occlusion. Intra-vitreal corticosteroids Triamcinolone Acetonide and Dexamethasone implant, are also being used to treat in some macular edema cases but with higher rates of side effects. Numerous surgical methods have been attempted for treating RVO and preventing macular edema; they include pars plana vitrectomy, radial optic neurotomy, laser induced chorioretinal anastomosis, and arteriovenous sheathotomy. Surgical methods supposedly relieve compression of the central retinal vein, altering the pathophysiology of vein occlusion at the level of the lamina cribrosa thus improving blood flow and oxygenation. But limitations result from its complications.
Toward the Design and Implementation of Traceability Engineering Tool Support  [PDF]
Subik Pokharel, Hassan Reza
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (JSEA) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2019.126015
Abstract: Requirements of a system keep on changing based on the need of stakeholders or the system developers, making requirement engineering an important aspect in software development. This develops a need for appropriate requirement change management. The importance of requirements traceability is defining relationships between the requirements and artefacts extracted by the stakeholder during the software development life-cycle and gives vital information to encourage software understanding. In this paper, we have concentrated on developing a tool for requirement traceability that can be used to extend the requirement elicitation and identification of system-wide qualities using the notion of quality attribute scenarios to capture the non-functional requirements. It allows us to link the functional and non-functional requirements of the system based on the quality attribute scenarios template proposed by the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Apart from this, the paper focuses on tracing the functional and non-functional requirements of the system using the concept of requirement traceability matrix.
Adolescent Sexuality Education in Nepal: Current Perspectives  [PDF]
Sharmila Pokharel, Anup Adhikari
Creative Education (CE) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ce.2021.127132
Abstract: There is a huge public debate on CSE being amorous and inappropriate.？The materials and curriculum for students are considered insufficient and inadequate due to socio-cultural factors,？which are deep-rooted in society. Lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health and low access to sexual health services have forced young people to engage in unsafe sexual practices in Nepal. Sexuality education should cover lessons on the important role adolescents’ sexuality that plays in their personality, positive things that sexuality brings to life, and the role our sexuality plays in connecting an individual with others. Complete sexuality education must be scientifically and age-appropriately precise, culturally competent, and based on people’s rights, gender equality, and a positive approach to sexuality and pleasure based that sexuality education affects general health, adaptation to the environment and quality of life and contributes to an optimal life of your choice. Children and teenagers need to get precise clarification about understanding sexuality on how to practice healthy sexual behavior while unhealthy or exploitative risky sexual activity can lead to health and social problems, such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The article reviews the current perspectives and situation of CSE among adolescents of Nepal. A review of government documents and research articles has been conducted, and the findings have been synopsized. Consequently, the curriculum developers and policymakers were provided with the recommendations to address common problems that are evitable among adolescents as well as guidelines for teachers’ training on related topics.
Comparison of Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity Affected by Management Practices in Two Dryland Cropping Sites  [PDF]
Upendra M. Sainju
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.69092
Abstract: Little is known about the effect of management practices on net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) that account for all sources and sinks of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dryland cropping systems. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a combination of tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on GWP and GHGI under dryland cropping systems with various soil and climatic conditions from 2008 to 2011 in western North Dakota and eastern Montana, USA. Treatments in western North Dakota with sandy loam soil and 373 mm annual precipitation were conventional till malt barley (Hordeum vulgarie L.) with 67 kg N ha-1 (CTB/N1), conventional till malt barley with 0 kg N ha-1 (CTB/N0), no-till malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) with 67 kg N ha-1 (NTB-P/N1), no-till malt barley with 67 kg N ha-1 (NTB/N1), and no-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha-1 (NTB/N0). In eastern Montana with loam soil and 350 mm annual precipitation, treatments were conventional till malt barley-fallow with 80 kg N ha-1 (CTB-F/N1), conventional till malt barley-fallow with 0 kg N ha-1 (CTB-F/N0), no-till malt barley-pea with 80 kg N ha-1 (NTB-P/N1), no-till malt barley with 80 kg N ha-1 (NTB/N1), and no-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha-1 (NTB/N0). Carbon dioxide sink as soil C sequestration rate at the 0 - 10 cm depth was greater in NTB-P/N1 and NTB/N1 than the other treatments at both sites and greater in eastern Montana than western North Dakota. Carbon dioxide sources were greater with N fertilization than without and greater with conventional till than no-till. Soil total annual N2O and CH4 fluxes varied among treatments, years, and locations. Net GWP and GHGI were lower in NTB-P/N1 than the other treatments in western North Dakota and lower in NTB-P/N1 and NTB/N1 than the other treatments in eastern Montana. Net GWP across similar treatments was lower in eastern Montana than western North Dakota, but GHGI was similar. Annualized crop yield was greater in the treatments with N fertilization than without. Because of greater grain yield but lower GWP and GHGI, no-till malt barley-pea rotation with adequate N fertilization can be used as a robust management practice to mitigate net GHG emissions while sustaining dryland crop yields, regardless of soil and climatic conditions. Loam soil reduced GWP and crop yields compared with sandy loam soil.
A need for an awareness campaign about nutrition and hygiene while conducting school eye health programs
A Pokharel
Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology , 2011, DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5285
Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5285 Ne pal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 220
Multifocal Tubercular Osteomyelitis Involving Bilateral Symmetrical Second Metacarpals
R Pokharel
Journal of Institute of Medicine , 2012, DOI: 10.3126/joim.v34i2.9054
Abstract: Skeletal tuberculosis involving small bones of the hand is less common. We report a case, 6 year old boy, of bilateral symmetrical tubercular osteomyelitis of second metacarpals. He presented with gradually increasing swellings over bilateral hands over duration of one month. There was no other significant history relating to tuberculosis. Hand X-rays showed expansive lesions of bilateral second metacarpals. Thick pus and necrotic tissue was removed from both the swelling and from the bone. Presence of typical tubercular granuloma in the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The boy was treated with antitubercular drugs and improved after completion of anti-tubercular treatment. Tuberculosis can present in different ways, and should be kept as one of the possible diagnosis of several bony pathologies including metacarpals and phalanges, especially in this part of the world where tuberculosis endemic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i2.9054 ？ Journal of Institute of Medicine August, 2012; 34:2 42-47
Spontaneous delivery or manual delivery of the placenta during caesarean: A randomized controlled trial
SM Pokharel
Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal , 2011, DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v7i2.6676
Abstract: The study was done to compare the blood loss and the time between spontaneous delivery and manual removal of the placenta during caesarean section. We prospectively randomized and compared outcomes of 100 gravid women with manual (n=50) and spontaneous (n=50) placental delivery at caesarean section. Blood loss was measured after placental deliverey at caesarean and was greater in the manually delivered group (100.9 ± 22.5 ml) than in the spontaneous delivery group. (55.11 ±21.07 ml) P< 0.001. The mean interval during the delivery of the newborn and the placenta is longer in spontaneous delivery group (62.02 vs. 50.5 seconds), but the mean duration of the operation was similar. Spontaneous delivery of the placenta as compared to manual expression significantly reduces the blood loss without increasing the operating time.
Changing Relations between High Castes and Tamang in Melamchi Valley
Binod Pokharel
Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology , 2010, DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4513
Abstract: This paper is about the processes of transformation of social relations between high caste groups and Tamang in Melamchi Valley for the period of 1980-2010. Development interventions made by government of Nepal and (I) NGOs, a decade long undergoing Melamchi Water Supply Project and labor migration are major factors for ongoing changes in the study area. Spread of literacy classes and primary education, availability of credit institutions, introduction of modern farming, road networks, seasonal out migration from the area, etc. primarily define new relations among the groups. Borrowing and lending money were one of the basis of high caste and Tamang relation in past. The latter was regarded as borrower loan from first one. Before 1980s, money and agriculture commodities were controlled by few rich and high castes people. Cash income from various sources made enable the Tamang to stand on an equal footing with high caste people. Open political economy and liberal policy for issuing pass port in 1990s and after that encourage the people to diversify the destination of seasonal migration from India to Gulf countries and East Asia. Various processes of socio-economic and political changes led to local peoples to seek their position and identity in the changing context. Discourse of Tamang, high castes and Dalit entered into the Valley along with the development resources of (I)NGO and political movements of the country. This made possible to Tamang and other disadvantage groups to define and redefine their ethnic identity. Keywords : High castes; Tamang; credit facilities; subsistence farming; identity construction; money lending; wage labor DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4513 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.65-84
Customer Relationship Management: Related Theories, Challenges and Application in Banking Sector
Babin Pokharel
Banking Journal , 2011, DOI: 10.3126/bj.v1i1.5140
Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bj.v1i1.5140 Banking Journal Vol.1(1) 2011: 19-28
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